What is West Nile Virus?

The West Nile Virus, or the WNV, is a virus that is transmitted to humans via infected mosquitoes. The mosquitoes become infected when they bite infected birds. Although birds are infected the most, other species of animals such as squirrels, chipmunks, bats, horses, and even dogs can be infected as well. The American robin and the American crow are two of the main carriers of West Nile Virus in North America.

Where did West Nile Virus originate from, and how did it spread?

West Nile Virus came from the West Nile region in Uganda, and it was first detected in 1937. Earlier, West Nile Virus was restricted to parts of Africa and the Middle East, but it spread to North America in 1999. Several people were infected by West Nile Virus encephalitis in New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Within a few years, almost all states in the US had reports of human West Nile Virus infections. There is no proof that infected birds and animals can pass the virus to humans; therefore it is thought the only way that humans can get infected is through infected mosquitoes.

What can be done to prevent West Nile Virus, especially while camping?

Necessary protective measures should be taken to prevent mosquito bites when camping. Some protective steps include using mosquito repellents that contain active ingredients such as DEET, making sure that tents do not have any holes, wearing long-sleeved shirts and trousers to shield the skin from mosquito bites, and staying indoors at dusk and dawn (when mosquitoes are most active). Try wearing light-colored clothes, since mosquitoes are drawn to darker colors. Also, bring a bug tarp shelter, mosquito head nets, and closed-toe shoes when camping in areas that are known to have a high population of mosquitoes. It is important to wear gloves when handling dead animals and birds.

What are the symptoms of West Nile Virus?

Some WNV infections show symptoms in the form of skin rashes, headaches, and fever. The symptoms of West Nile Virus meningitis and encephalitis can include spinal cord inflammation or convulsion. If anyone experiences such symptoms after returning from camping, he or she should immediately seek medical assistance. A vaccine for West Nile Virus has not been developed yet, but symptoms can be treated and the disease can be kept under control.

Can the West Nile Virus cause death?

The West Nile Virus can be a dangerous infection, which can result in death if not treated promptly. However, most West Nile Virus infections do not lead to encephalitis or meningitis. In fact, only 1% of people infected with West Nile Virus eventually have encephalitis. Even for West Nile Virus encephalitis, the mortality rate of people is only 0.1%.

Other than taking the necessary precautions against West Nile Virus, it is also a good idea to get travel insurance before going camping. It is always better to be safe than sorry.