Revolution of 1848 – The break down of the effects of the Revolution of 1848 of those countries directly involved and those indirectly involved and the toll it took.
Carlsbad Resolutions
– The Carlsbad
Resolutions are a series of resolutions between Bavaria, Austria and
England with a rich history of deception.
Documents of German Unification – Analyses and assesses the economic, political, security policies, as well as the foreign propositions of German unification.
Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engel’s, Communist
Manifesto –
Marx’s beliefs entailed basing his ideals
of socialism on the objective study of history. Reading his
prolific work The Communist Manifesto may in-turn be enlightening for
those with an open mind.
Franco-Prussian War
– Read more into the
war that was sparked by the Prussian Chancellor, Otto Von Bismarck who
intended to create a German empire causing conflict between Prussia and
France between 1870-71.
Dual Alliance
– The Dual Alliance treaty
was a treaty signed by Austria-Hungry and German agreeing to give aid
to each alliance if either were attacked by Russia.
(Escorted Tour) – If traveling in Europe and specifically Germany or Russia, you will find these countries are rich in history that was world altering.
Triple Alliance
– In 1882, just three
years after the dual alliance was signed a new agreement was issued
between Austria-Hungry, Germany, and Italy to give assistance to their
allies if attacked by France or Russia.
Otto
von Bismarck – Otto
von Bismarck was a revolutionary in
shaping and molding Germany politically and economically. Read
more into Bismarck’s influences.
Reinsurance Treaty
– The Reinsurance
Treaty of 1887 was a move made by Bismarck to institute a
“friendly” relationship with Russia and Austria.
Friedrich Nietzsche
– Known as one of the world’s
most unique and ingenious German philosophers, Nietzsche challenged the
mainstream beliefs of Christianity and traditional morality.
Sigmund Freud
– Known as the father of psychoanalysis with his ideas and
theories.
The Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia – After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria there was a foul taste in the mouth of Austria and held Serbia responsible.
Manifesto of the Ninety-Three German Intellectuals – 93 well established German scientists, scholars, and artists declaring their support in Germany’s military actions in World War I.
Zimmermann Telegram
– In 1917 during World
War I British cryptographers broke the code of a telegram from German
Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to the German Minister to Mexico.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
– A peace treaty signed claming
Russia’s withdrawal from World War I.
Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen
Points – Former
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s speech solidifying the United
State’s involvement in the “great war” as
moral and
just cause.
Versailles Treaty
– Treaty to end World
War I.
Adolph Hitler
– One of the world’s
most infamous leaders-Hitler was responsible for the holocaust and
extermination of thousands, if not millions of Jewish people and the
leader of the Nazi party.
Mein Kampf – A
combination of autobiography as well as the
philosophies behind the mind of Adolph Hitler.
Enabling Act
– In the German Weimar
republic was a law passed to allow the government to legislate without
the consent of the Reichstag.
Boycott of Jewish Businesses
– In 1933,
the Nazi party lead by Adolph Hitler boycotted against Jewish
businesses.
Civil Service Law (Apr. 7, 1933)
– Those
that were not of “Aryan descent” were forced to
retire from
the civil service.
Nuremberg Laws
– The classification of
ethnicity according to bloodlines in Germany.
Anti-Comintern Pact
– A pact between Nazi
Germany and the Empire of Japan aimed against the Soviet Union and
Communism.
Hossbach Memorandum
– The summary of a meeting between
Adolf Hitler’s foreign policy leaders and the military.
Munich Pact
– An agreement over land
called Sudetenland-land bordering Czechoslovakia.
Crystal Night (The Night on Broken Glass)
– An infamous
riot against Jews.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Letter to Hitler
– President
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s letter to Hitler seeking peace.
The Italo-German Alliance
– Also known as
the Charter of Race stripping Jews of Italian citizenship as well as
implementing other anti-Semitic laws.
Benito Mussolini
– Mussolini is known to
be one of the fathers of Fascism and also the Prime Minister of Italy.
Franco-German
Armistice – Signed
in 1940 by Germany and France as an
agreement over land territories.
Tri-Partite Pact (Three Power Act)
–
Signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan in agreement of establishing
“axis powers” of World War II.
German Surrender
– On May 4, 1945 German
troops surrendered in Holland, Denmark, and northwest Germany
finalizing the end of World War II.
Potsdam Conference
– A meeting of the
United States, Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom to determine the
fate of Nazi Germany after surrender in World War II.
Nazi "Euthanasia" Program (Action T4
) –
From 1939 to 1941 Nazi Germany medical physicians killed over 250,000
patients terming them “incurable”, most were
inmates from
prisons.
Nazi Medical Experiments
– Nazi Germany
performed “medical experiments” often resulting in
death,
deformities, and permanent disabilities on prisoners.
Madagascar Plan –
The Nazi government wanted to relocate
Jewish people to the Island of Madagascar off the coast of Africa.
Final Solution
– Nazi Germany’s last
stage plans for European Jews to be exterminated.
Warsaw Ghetto Revolt
– Remaining Jews
located in the Warsaw ghetto in German occupied Poland revolted against
the Germans efforts to send them to one of the many extermination
camps.
Belzec
– Located in Germany’s occupied Poland as one of
the first
extermination camps.
Auschwitz
– One of the largest
concentration camps in Poland’s occupied Germany where on
record
there are over 1.1 million people that passed away.
Treblinka
– Another one of the many
concentration camps located in Poland’s occupied Germany
where
over 850,000 Jewish and Romanian people were exterminated.
Heinrich Himmler – One of Germany’s most infamous men and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), part of Nazi Germany’s government. Himmler oversaw the execution of millions of Jewish people.
The Nuremburg Trials
– A serious of trials
to persecute those involved in Nazi Germany’s persecution of
the
Jews.
International Military Tribunal
– One of
the many Nuremburg Trials which tried 22 of the most influential
efforts in Nazi Germany.
Construction of The Berlin Wall
– The
Berlin Wall was constructed to separate East Germany from West Germany
and on record 98 people were killed trying to climb the wall.
JFK's Ich bin ein Berliner
Speech – The
famous quote from U.S. President JFK discussing the United States
support for West Germany.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall – In 1989 Hungry removed part its wall bordering Austria. This was the first of more of the wall to come down.